Matthew Helm

The paper assesses Zymoseptoria tritici candidate effectors in Nicotiana benthamiana to identify immune recognition and potential host-independent activities, finding that expression timing and signal peptides influence effector phenotypes.

This study identifies FgTPP1, a protease from Fusarium graminearum, as a virulence factor that suppresses immune responses and contributes to Fusarium Head Blight disease in wheat.