Biohybrid Robots with Embedded Conductive Fibers for Actuation, Sensing, and Closed-loop Control
Xinran Xie, Yuhui Zhao, Ruiheng Wu, Wenjia Xu, Michael J. Bennington, Rachel E. Daso, Junyi Liu, Abhijith Surendran, Josiah D. Hester, Victoria A. Webster‐Wood, Tingyu Cheng, Jonathan Rivnay
This paper introduces a biohybrid robot system using conductive fibers for low-power actuation, sensing, and closed-loop control, achieving autonomous locomotion and reduced muscle fatigue.
bioRxiv · Apr 6, 2026 · PreprintBioengineering