Robert M. Hardwick

This study examines how repetition affects physical and imagined movements, finding that repetition reduces reaction times in both but influences movement times differently based on modality.

This study replicates and extends Decety et al.'s 1989 findings on temporal equivalence between imagined and executed walking, showing no significant differences in walking times and strong correlations across distances.

The paper examines corticospinal excitability changes during action observation, finding early suppression followed by a return to baseline without facilitation, with muscle-specific effects.

RMT-Finder automates RMT determination in TMS, showing high reliability and equivalence to manual methods with faster execution.

The paper develops and validates online tests to assess movement imagery ability, finding adequate internal validity and reliability but weak criterion validity across tasks.

This paper compares electromyography, accelerometry, and visual inspection for estimating resting motor threshold in TMS, finding EMG is most accurate, while accelerometry is more reliable than visual inspection.

The paper develops and validates an open-source Hand Laterality Judgement Task for in-person and online use, showing it reliably detects motor imagery effects across formats.

The paper investigates how spatial and anatomical information from body stimuli is processed over time, finding that spatial information is processed faster than anatomical information.

This study investigates whether adjusting control policies to task demands occurs during motor planning or execution and finds that it can happen during both phases.

The paper compares brain networks for Motor, Visual, and Auditory Imagery using meta-analyses of 439 neuroimaging experiments, finding modality-specific and shared neural patterns.

This paper reviews motor imagery research and finds that key protocol details are consistently under-reported, hindering replication and translation.

This study shows that older adults' slower reaction times are due to reduced preparation speed, not delayed initiation, with a consistent 90ms delay between preparation and initiation.

This study shows that reducing trial-to-trial repetition during practice enhances skill acquisition compared to frequent repetition.

The paper shows that latent habits can be unmasked by limiting response time, with habit expression peaking 300-600ms after stimulus presentation.

The paper shows that motor skills learned with one effector transfer to both proximal and distal effectors, unlike visuomotor adaptation which is asymmetric.

Coordinate-based meta-analyses reveal a premotor, rostral parietal, and somatosensory core shared by motor imagery, action observation, and execution; only imagery and execution share putamen and cerebellum.