Temporal, spatial, and parasitic drivers of microbial variation in European honey bees
Victor Rossier, Thibault Leroy, Philipp Engel, Markus Neuditschko, Vincent Dietemann, Benjamin Dainat
This study analyzes 1442 European honey bee colonies to identify factors driving microbiome variation, finding that season, year, location, and Varroa destructor load significantly influence microbiome composition.
bioRxiv · Jul 10, 2026 · PreprintMicrobiology