Electrostatics Govern Protein Orientation on Citrate-Capped Gold Nanoparticles
Suman Tiwari, Akash Kumar Jha, Simran Arora, Debanjana Das, Sri Rama Koti Ainavarapu
The paper investigates how electrostatic interactions influence protein-GNP conjugation by mutating lysine to cysteine in protein L and showing that nearby positive charges enhance capping.
bioRxiv · Nov 7, 2025 · PreprintBiophysics