Closed-loop steering locates an evolutionary barrier to multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli
Atsushi Shibai, Hazuki Kotani, Chikara Furusawa
The paper uses a closed-loop system to steer Escherichia coli toward multidrug resistance and identifies an evolutionary barrier linked to mutations in the efflux pump gene.
bioRxiv · Sep 18, 2026 · PreprintEvolutionary Biology