Rapid enhancement of antibiotic resistance and divergent remodeling of gene expression in single cells of bacteria
Miki Umetani, Mikihiro Hashimoto, Sayo Akiyoshi, Reiko Okura, Natsue Sakata, Hazuki Kotani, Edo L. Kussell, Chikara Furusawa, Yuichi Wakamoto
This study shows that antibiotic resistance in E. coli emerges rapidly in single cells under chloramphenicol exposure through phenotypic heterogeneity and gene expression remodeling.
bioRxiv · Oct 23, 2026 · PreprintMicrobiology