Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Dynamics in Phage Therapy: Insights from Clinical Cases
Samantha R. Ritter, Justin R. Clark, Keiko Christine Salazar, Saima Aslam, Anthony William Maresso
This study examines cytokine and immunoglobulin responses in nine patients undergoing intravenous phage therapy, finding heterogeneous cytokine patterns and IgM responses that vary with immune status and pathogen.
bioRxiv · Nov 21, 2025 · PreprintMicrobiology