Carl Simpson

The paper experiments with Snowball Earth viscosity to show that it drove the evolution of motile multicellularity in unicellular algae.

The paper shows that siliceous sponge spicules first appear in the fossil record during the Cambrian, not the Ediacaran, and that this reflects their actual evolutionary timing rather than taphonomic bias.

The paper shows that polymorphism in cheilostome bryozoans evolved through loss of functions rather than gain, suggesting polymorphism can arise through drift, not division of labor.

The paper models how environmental changes during Snowball Earth glaciations created selective pressures that favored multicellularity in eukaryotes but not prokaryotes.