D. Le Ray

This study constructs a cross-species spinal interneuron atlas and shows that Hox-dependent regionalization of circuits drives motor output diversity across vertebrate body regions.

The paper identifies inhibitory vestibular neurons in Xenopus tadpoles and shows they modulate postural reflexes through interactions with excitatory vestibulospinal neurons.

The paper shows that limb motoneurons in Xenopus develop functional connections with muscles before acquiring cholinergic transmitter properties, using glutamate-based synapses initially.