Yao Zhang

This paper introduces a single-particle microscopy method to directly count mRNA copies in lipid nanoparticles, showing differences in mRNA copy number, size, and empty fraction between two formulations.

This study uses single-particle microscopy to analyze structural, size, and payload heterogeneity in mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles and correlates these properties with formulation parameters.

This study develops a method to characterize individual mRNA-lipid nanoparticles using confocal fluorescence and interferometric scattering microscopy with microfluidic confinement, enabling precise measurement of size, mass, refractive index, and payload.