Plant BiologybioRxivPreprint
Patterned 3D-printed hydrogel as a novel soilless substrate for plant cultivation
Ali Jasim Mohammed, Maddalena Salvalaio, Yumeng Li…·Giovanni Sena
This paper develops a 3D-printed hydrogel substrate with air channels to improve plant growth in soilless systems, showing that higher surface area designs enhance leaf and flower production.
DOI 10.1101/2025.08.06.668759