DINOCT: robust skin surface localization for robotic noncontact dynamic optical coherence elastography

Abstract

Noncontact dynamic optical coherence elastography (OCE) can measure the elastic properties of anterior soft tissues. However, applying OCE to skin requires tracking mechanical waves propagating in multiple directions to reconstruct mechanical anisotropy. Robotic scanning is well suited to this task but requires accurate probe positioning, alignment to the surface normal, and precise, repeatable rotation. To ensure phase and polarization stability, polarization-maintaining (PM) fibers can be used, although they introduce stripe and ghost artifacts that can destabilize surface detection. We present DINOCT, a DINO-based method to localize the skin surface from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images that combines self-supervised pretraining with DINO (self-DIstillation with NO labels) and iBOT (image BERT pre-training with Online Tokenizer) objectives, low-rank adaptation, and a lightweight curve decoder. Compared with classical and supervised learning baselines, DINOCT achieved competitive localization accuracy on clean test data with a near-zero spike rate. Among the learned methods, DINOCT achieved the lowest average and maximum values of mean absolute error (MAE) for severe synthetic stress conditions and the lowest catastrophic failure rates on a separate recording with strong PM-fiber artifacts.