Oatmeal and wheat flour as the sources of thyroid peroxidase (TPO), lipoxygenase (LOX) and xanthine oxidase (XO) modulators potentially applicable in the prevention of inflammatory thyroid diseases

Despite the widespread potential pro-health effects of ferulic acid (FA), their interference in the progression of thyroid dysfunction has mainly remained unresolved. Here, we combined in vitro enzyme studies with the in vitro cellular approach to investigate the potential of main dietary sources of FA - the oatmeal (OM) and wheat flour (WF) compounds for the prophylactics of inflammatory thyroid diseases. Potentially bioaccessible OM and WF compounds activated thyroid peroxidase (TPO), while inhibiting the activity of lipoxygenase (LOX) and xanthine oxidase (XO). Isobolographic studies revealed cooperation between them. Relatively strong inhibitory activity of bioaccessible OM compounds on LOX activity correlated with their cytostatic and pro-invasive effects in thyroid cancer model in vitro. These data indicate the potential of OM and WF products for the prophylactics of inflammatory thyroid diseases (incl. hypothyroidism). However, it should be considered with care, especially in the context of the oncological status of the patient.