Single Channel Strongly-Coupled Geometry Surface Coil for Small Mammal Whole Brain fMRI

Abstract

1Abstract/SummarySingle-channel surface coils remain central to rodent MRI, but conventional circular loop designs face an inherent trade-off between surface and depth sensitivity, limiting whole-brain coverage for applications such as resting-state BOLD fMRI. This work introduces a single-channel strongly-coupled geometry surface coil. It consists of a stop-sign shaped loop inductively overcoupled to a nested, three-turn elongated racetrack spiral designed to improve depth sensitivity and thru-plane coverage while remaining robust to variable sample loading. Benchtop characterization across three phantoms of differing size showed the parallel resonant mode and loaded quality factor changed negligibly with loading. In phantom imaging at 9.4 T, the SCG coil achieved in-plane SNR and temporal SNR comparable to, and at shallow depths exceeding, a commercial Bruker 2x2 receive-only rat brain array, while showing substantially more consistent tSNR across loading conditions. The SCG coil also demonstrated superior thru-plane tSNR over a 20 mm slice range at 3.5 mm depth, approximating the anterior-posterior extent of the rat brain. In vivo resting-state BOLD fMRI in eight rats, acquired with a double asymmetric spin-echo EPI sequence, yielded a default mode network consistent with prior reports and revealed a previously undescribed subcortical network spanning superior/inferior colliculi and cerebellar regions. These results establish the single-channel SCG as a promising foundation for next-generation rodent receive coil arrays, combining loading-independent tuning with extended sensitive coverage suitable for whole-brain functional imaging.