Avocado supplementation mitigates hypertension and multi-organ injury in an L-NAME model of cardiovascular dysfunction

BackgroundEndothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and multi-organ injury remain central drivers of cardiovascular disease. Avocado (Persea americana) is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, and antioxidants, yet its integrative impact on hypertension-induced systemic injury has not been fully explored. MethodsMale Wistar rats (n = 4/group) were randomized into six groups: control, avocado, L-NAME, L-NAME+losartan+metaprolol succinate, L-NAME+avocado, and L-NAME+metaprolol succinate+avocado. Avocado pulp was incorporated into diet at 80% w/w. Endpoints included blood pressure indices, hematological parameters, liver enzymes, renal function tests, and correlation analyses of systolic-diastolic coupling. One-way ANOVA with Tukeys post hoc tests evaluated group differences, while forest plots and scatter analyses visualized treatment effects. ResultsL-NAME significantly elevated systolic blood pressure ({Delta}+18 mmHg), diastolic pressure ({Delta}+20 mmHg), and mean arterial pressure ({Delta}+17 mmHg; all p View larger version (31K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@101b300org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8f0624org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1dc4ab3org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ac4130_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG