Progressive chromatin silencing of ABA biosynthesis gene permits seed germination in Arabidopsis

Abstract

Seed germination represents a major developmental switch in plants that is vital to agricultural, but how this process is controlled at the chromatin level remains obscure. Here we demonstrate that successful germination in Arabidopsis requires a chromatin mechanism that progressively silences NCED6, which encodes a rate-limiting enzyme for abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, through the cooperative action of the RNA-binding protein RZ-1 and the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Simultaneous inactivation of RZ-1 and PRC2 blocks germination and synergistically derepresses NCEDs and hundreds of genes. At NCED6, by promoting H3 deacetylation and suppressing H3K4me3, RZ-1 facilitates transcriptional silencing and also a H3K27me3 accumulation process that occurs during seed germination and early seedling growth. Genome-wide analysis reveals RZ-1 is preferentially required for transcriptional silencing of many PRC2 targets early during seed germination when H3K27me3 is not yet established. We propose RZ-1 confers a novel silencing mechanism to compensate and coordinate with PRC2. Our work highlights the progressive chromatin silencing of ABA biosynthesis genes via synergized action of the RNA-binding protein RZ1 and PRC2, which is vital for seed germination.