Differential translation of mRNA isoforms underlies oncogenic activation of cell cycle kinase Aurora A

Abstract

Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) is an oncogenic kinase with major roles in mitosis, but also exerts cell cycle- and kinase-independent functions linked to cancer. Therefore control of its expression, as well as its activity, is crucial. A short and a long 3UTR isoform exist for AURKA mRNA, resulting from alternative polyadenylation (APA). We initially observed that in Triple Negative Breast Cancer, where AURKA is typically overexpressed, the short isoform is predominant and this correlates with faster relapse times of patients. The short isoform is characterized by higher translational efficiency since translation and decay rate of the long isoform are targeted by hsa-let-7a tumor-suppressor miRNA. Additionally, hsa-let-7a regulates the cell cycle periodicity of translation of the long isoform, whereas the short isoform is translated highly and constantly throughout interphase. Finally, disrupted production of the long isoform led to an increase in proliferation and migration rates of cells. In sum, we uncovered a new mechanism dependent on the cooperation between APA and miRNA targeting likely to be a route of oncogenic activation of human AURKA.