Estimating foraging behavior in rodents using a modified paradigm measuring threat imminence dynamics

Abstract

Animals display defensive behaviors in response to threats to avoid danger and approach rewards. In nature, these responses did not evolve alone but are always accompanied by motivational conflict. A semi-naturalistic threat imminence continuum model models the approach-avoidance conflict and is able to integrate multiple defensive behaviors into a single paradigm. However, its comprehensive application is hampered by the lack of a detailed protocol and data about some fundamental factors including sex, age, and motivational level. Here, we modified a previously established paradigm measuring threat imminence continuum dynamics, involving modifications of training and testing protocols, and utilization of commercial materials combined with open science codes, making it more standardized and easier to replicate. We demonstrate that foraging behavior is modulated by age, hunger level, and sex. This paradigm can be used to study defensive behaviors in animals in a more naturalistic manner with relevance to human approach-avoid conflicts and associated psychopathologies. HighlightsO_LIWe provide detailed guidance for setting up a modified paradigm for the threat imminence continuum model with commercial materials and open-source codes. C_LIO_LIWe propose a modified paradigm for the threat imminence continuum model to quantify foraging behaviors. C_LIO_LIOur method enables comparison between groups as a function of multiple factors including age and food restriction. C_LI Graphic Summary O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=93 SRC="FIGDIR/small/550314v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (14K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@f4be92org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b7f6dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@db0dc1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1640cce_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG