Hydrophobins from Aspergillus mediate fungal interactions with microplastics

Abstract

Microplastics present myriad ecological and human health risks including serving as a vector for pathogens in human and animal food chains. However, the specific mechanisms by which pathogenic fungi colonize these microplastics have yet to be explored. In this work, we examine the opportunistic fungal pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus, and other common soil and marine Aspergilli, which we found bind microplastics tightly. Up to 3.85+/-1.48 g microplastic plastic/g fungi were bound and flocculated for polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) powders and particles ranging in size from 0.05 - 5 mm. Gene knockouts revealed hydrophobins as a key biomolecule driving microplastic-fungi binding. Moreover, purified hydrophobins were still able to flocculate microplastics independent of the fungus. Our work elucidates a role for hydrophobins in fungal colonization of microplastics and highlights a potential target for mitigating the harm of microplastics through engineered fungal-microplastic interactions. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=107 SRC="FIGDIR/small/622132v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (33K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@13eb679org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@3dc9c0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@888c96org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c5e1aa_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG Significance StatementMicroplastics pose serious ecological and human health effects by introducing pathogens and toxins into animal and human food chains. Many pathogenic microorganisms preferentially form biofilms on microplastic particles that are then ingested. Here, we demonstrate that hydrophobins, highly hydrophobic, cell surface proteins, enable microplastic binding and colonization by the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus and other fungi within the Aspergillus genus. Our work recognizes a novel role for hydrophobin proteins, identifying potential strategies for pathogen control and protein-based microplastics recovery.