Inferring Deep Brain Stimulation Induced Short-term Synaptic Plasticity Using Novel Dual Optimization Algorithm

Experimental evidence in both human and animal studies demonstrated that deep brain stimulation (DBS) can induce short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) in the stimulated nucleus. Given that DBS-induced STP may be connected to the therapeutic effects of DBS, we sought to develop an appropriate computational predictive model that infers the dynamics of STP in response to DBS at different frequencies. Existing methods for estimating STP - either model-based or model-free approaches - require access to pre-synaptic spiking activity. However, in the context of DBS, extracellular stimulation (e.g. DBS) can be used to elicit presynaptic activations directly. We present a model-based approach that integrates multiple individual frequencies of DBS-like electrical stimulation as pre-synaptic spikes and infers parameters of the Tsodyks-Markram (TM) model from post-synaptic currents of the stimulated nucleus. By distinguishing between the steady-state and transient responses of the TM model, we develop a novel dual optimization algorithm that infers the model parameters in two steps. First, the TM model parameters are calculated by integrating multiple frequencies of stimulation to estimate the steady state response of post-synaptic current through a closed-form analytical solution. The results of this step are utilized as the initial values for the second step in which a non-derivative optimization algorithm is used to track the transient response of the post-synaptic potential across different individual frequencies of stimulation. Moreover, we apply our algorithm to empirical data recorded from acute rodent brain slices of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) during DBS-like stimulation to infer dynamics of STP for inhibitory synaptic inputs.