Energy-Based Systematic Modeling of Adaptive Immune Repertoire Behavior: Study on Cell Proliferation & Somatic Hypermutation process

Abstract

Monitoring and describing the adaptive immune repertoire(IR) for disease detection and diagnosis is essential in healthcare research. Many phenomenon have been observed to generalize the static property of IR, but the mathematical description of the formation and dynamic changes of IR still lacks research. Here, we present a mathematical and physical model to interpret the cell proliferation and somatic hypermutation(SHM) process in IR, difficulties to generate different clones in IR are computed, and IR distance is calculated as the minimum effort required to transform one IR distribution to another. IR distribution and distance can be detected from samples containing 104 cells. The validity of our method is confirmed by the unsupervised clustering of data from mice spleen and clinical PBMC samples including various immune stages and diseases. Our work dynamically characterize and quantify IR process, enabling a macroscopic immunoevaluation by sensitive immune fluctuation detection from minute samples.