Genome-wide association study of liking of physical activity in the UK Biobank

Abstract

A lack of physical activity (PA) is one of the most pressing health issues facing society today. Our individual propensity for PA is partly influenced by genetic factors. Stated liking of various PA behaviors may capture additional dimensions of PA behavior that are not captured by other measures, and contribute to our understanding of the genetics of PA behavior. Here, in over 157,000 individuals from the UK Biobank, we sought to complement and extend previous findings on the genetics of PA behavior by performing genome-wide association studies of self-reported liking of several PA-related behaviors plus an additional derived trait of overall PA-liking. We identified a total of 19 unique genome-wide significant loci across all traits, only four of which overlap with loci previously identified for PA behavior. The PA-liking traits were genetically correlated with self-reported (rg: 0.38 - 0.80) and accelerometry-derived (rg: 0.26 - 0.49) PA measures, and with a wide range of health-related traits and dietary behaviors. Replication in the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR; n>7,300) and the TwinsUK (n>1,300) study revealed directionally consistent associations. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were then trained in UKB for each PA-liking trait and for self-reported PA behavior. The PA-liking PRS significantly predicted the same liking trait in NTR. The PRS for liking of going to the gym predicted PA behavior in NTR (r2 = 0.40%) nearly as well as the one constructed based on self-reported PA behavior (r2 = 0.42%). Combining the two PRS into a single model increased the r2 to 0.59%, suggesting that although these PRS correlate with each other, they are also capturing distinct dimensions of PA behavior. In conclusion, we have identified the first loci associated with PA-liking, and extended and refined our understanding of the genetic basis of PA behavior.