Wideband Tuning and Deep-Tissue Spectral Detection of Indium Phosphide Nano-Laser Particles

Abstract

Laser particles (LPs) emitting narrowband spectra across wide spectral ranges are highly promising for high-multiplex optical barcoding. Here, we present LPs based on indium phosphide (InP) nanodisks, operating in the near-infrared wavelength range of 740-970 nm. Utilizing low-order whispering gallery resonance modes in size-tuned nanodisks, we achieved an ultrawide color palette with 27% bandwidth utilization and nanometer-scale linewidth. The minimum laser size was 430 nm in air and 560 nm within the cytoplasm, operating at mode order 4 or 5. We further demonstrated spectral detection of laser peaks with high signal-to-background ratios in highly-scattering media, including 1-cm-thick chicken breast tissue and blood vessels in live mice.