Haplotype-resolved T2T gap-free genomes of the winegrape cultivar 'Cabernet Sauvignon'

Abstract

Cabernet Sauvignon (CS), a cultivar of winegrape (Vitis vinifera), is among the most renowned winegrape varieties globally. In this study, we released the haplotype-resolved telomere-to-telomere (T2T) CS genome assembled using a combination of PacBio HiFi, ONT ultra-long, and Hi-C sequencing data. The two T2T gap-free haplotype-resolved assemblies CS-T2T.Hap1 and CS-T2T.Hap2 sized 491.11 Mb (contig N50 = 25.09 Mb) and 491.90 Mb (contig N50 = 25.51 Mb), respectively. Genome annotation predicted a total of 36,456 genes in CS-T2T.Hap1 and 35,471 genes in CS-T2T.Hap2. By genome comparison, we discovered and validated megabase inversion events on Chromosome 03,11,18 and 19, which are not prevalent in other haplotype-resolved V. vinifera genomes. In summary, this haplotype-resolved T2T genome represents an essential genomic resource for Cabernet Sauvignon, and lays the foundation for its genetic studies, improvement and utilization.