CRAFT: Compact genome Representation towards largescale Alignment-Free daTabase

MotivationRapid developments in sequencing technologies have boosted generating high volumes of sequence data. To archive and analyze those data, one primary step is sequence comparison. Alignment-free sequence comparison based on k-mer frequencies offers a computationally efficient solution, yet in practice, the k-mer frequency vectors for large k of practical interest lead to excessive memory and storage consumption. ResultsWe report CRAFT, a general genomic/metagenomic search engine to learn compact representations of sequences and perform fast comparison between DNA sequences. Specifically, given genome or high throughput sequencing (HTS) data as input, CRAFT maps the data into a much smaller embedding space and locates the best matching genome in the archived massive sequence repositories. With 102 - 104-fold reduction of storage space, CRAFT performs fast query for gigabytes of data within seconds or minutes, achieving comparable performance as six state-of-the-art alignment-free measures. AvailabilityCRAFT offers a user-friendly graphical user interface with one-click installation on Windows and Linux operating systems, freely available at https://github.com/jiaxingbai/CRAFT. Contactwangying@xmu.edu.cn; fsun@usc.edu Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.