Bacterial isolates from CSF sample and their antimicrobial resistance patters in among under-five children suspected for meningitis in Dilla University Referral Hospital

Abstract

IntroductionBacterial meningitis is medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention. It is a cause of an estimated 288, 649 deaths worldwide per year, of which 94 883 death occur among Under-five children. Up to 24% of the survivors suffer from long-term sequelae such as epilepsy, mental retardation, or sensorineural deafness especially when the disease is contracted during early childhood. Objectivethe aim of this study was to assess bacterial isolates of CSF sample and their antimicrobial resistance patterns among under-five children in Dilla University Referral Hospital. Material and MethodsHospital based cross-sectional study design was used to collect clinical data and CSF sample from under-five children who was suspected for meningitis. Sediment of CSF sample was inoculated to Blood Agar plate, Chocolate Agar plate and Mackonkey Agar for bacterial isolation and identification. Chemical analysis and cytological analysis was also conducted based on standard operating procedures. ResultsFrom a total of 287 CSF sample cultured, causative bacteria were detected in 38 (13.2%). From culture positive cases the most frequent isolate was Streptococcus pneumoniae 13 (34.2%) followed by Staphylococcus aureas 7 (18.4%), Neisseria meningitidis 6 (16%) and Escherichia coli 6 (16%). Haemophilus influenzae b was isolated in 4 (10.5%) of children with meningitis. The other cause of meningitis was Streptococcus agalactiae which accounted (10.5%). Cryptococcus neoformans have been detected in 4 (1.9%) cases of meningitis. Of all bacterial isolates about 42.1% (16/38) bacterial isolates were multidrug resistant. About 38.5% of S. pneumoniae was multidrug resistance while about 33.3% N. meningitis, 50% of H. influenzae, 57.1% of S. aureas and 40% of E. coli showed multidrug resistance ConclusionsHigh prevalence of bacterial meningitis and high rate of drug resistance were observed. S. pneumoniae was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis among under-five children.