Demonstration of short-term plasticity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortexwith theta burst stimulation: A TMS-EEG study

ObjectivesTo examine the effects of intermittent TBS (iTBS) and continuous TBS (cTBS) on cortical reactivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.\n\nMethods10 healthy participants were stimulated with either iTBS, cTBS or sham at F3 electrode. Single- and paired-pulse TMS and concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) were used to assess change in cortical reactivity and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) via TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) and TMS-evoked oscillations.\n\nResultsSignificant increases in N120 amplitudes (p < 0.01) were observed following iTBS over prefrontal cortex. Changes in TMS-evoked theta oscillations and LICI of theta oscillations were also observed following iTBS (increase) and cTBS (decrease). Change in LICI of theta oscillations correlated with change in N120 amplitude following TBS (r = -0.670, p = 0.001).\n\nConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence that TBS produces direct changes in cortical reactivity in the prefrontal cortex. Combining TBS with TMS-EEG may be a useful approach to optimise stimulation paradigms prior to the conduct of clinical trials.\n\nSignificanceTBS is able to modulate cortical reactivity and cortical inhibition in the prefrontal cortex.\n\nHighlightsO_LIEffects of iTBS and cTBS were studied in the DLPFC using TMS-EEG\nC_LIO_LIiTBS increased N120 amplitude, theta power and LICI of theta\nC_LIO_LIcTBS decreased theta power alone\nC_LI