The anti-metabolite KAT/3BP has in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity in lymphoma models

Abstract

Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, offering therapeutic opportunities to target cancer cell vulnerabilities for therapeutic purposes. 3-Bromopyruvate (3BP), a small alkylating agent, acts as an anti-metabolite to vital substrates in cancer metabolism and exhibits antitumor activity across various cancer types, but the unformulated 3BP can cause high toxicity. This study explores the efficacy of the 3BP clinical derivative KAT/3BP, currently in phase 1 for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, in lymphoma models. In vitro, KAT/3BP demonstrated cytotoxicity across 12 lymphoma cell lines, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma, with a median IC50 of 3.7 M. KAT/3BP was also effective against lymphoma cell lines with acquired resistance to FDA-approved therapies. In vivo, we observed reduced tumor size in a syngeneic mouse model, with the combination of oral and intratumoral administration proving most effective. Additionally, KAT/3BP exhibited synergistic activity when combined with lymphoma therapies, including bendamustine and R-CHOP. These findings underscore the potential of KAT/3BP as a novel therapeutic option for a single agent or a combination of lymphomas.