Establishing reliable blood biomarkers for trimethylamine N-oxide status in rodents: effects of oral choline challenge, dietary choline and fasting conditions
Ahmad Ud Din, Michael G. Sweet, Ashley M McAmis, Juanita G. Ratliff, Pon Velayutham Anandh Babu, Andrew Peter Neilson
This study evaluates how dietary choline and fasting conditions affect blood TMAO levels in rats, finding that high choline diets and non-fasting states increase TMAO, with implications for biomarker reliability.
The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · Mar 21, 2025Peer-reviewedBiochemistry