Sulfonamide resistance gene sul4 is hosted by common wastewater sludge bacteria and found in various newly described contexts and hosts including clinically relevant species
Melina A. Markkanen, Denise Pezzutto, Marko Virta, Antti Karkman
This study identifies the sul4 sulfonamide resistance gene in wastewater sludge bacteria and shows its presence in clinically relevant pathogens, highlighting its mobility and potential for horizontal gene transfer.
Microbiology Spectrum · Nov 19, 2025Peer-reviewedMicrobiology