Fitness effects of new mutations are small and heavily confounded with non-genetic sources of variation in Escherichia coli
Julie Michelle Grosse-Sommer, Dhobasheni Newman, Jarrod D. Hadfield
This study estimates the fitness effects of new mutations in E. coli and finds they are small and heavily confounded with non-genetic variation.
bioRxiv · Aug 25, 2026 · PreprintEvolutionary Biology