Adaptation to complex environments is associated with higher fitness costs under benign conditions
Giacomo Zilio, Emilie Aubin, Stéphanie Bedhomme, Laurence Bolick, Ignacio G. Bravo, Claude Bruand, Delphine Capela, Marie Challe, Guillaume M. Charrière, Gaëlle Courtay, Marie-Ange Devillez, Fiona Elmaleh, Stanislas Fereol, Rémy Froissart, Justina Givens, , Luis‐Miguel Chevin
This study shows that adaptation to complex environments with multiple stressors leads to lower fitness gains and higher fitness reductions under benign conditions compared to single stressors.
bioRxiv · Oct 31, 2026 · PreprintEvolutionary Biology