E. L. Stahl

Hyperactivity in mice induced by opioid agonists with partial intrinsic efficacy and biased agonism; alone and in combination with morphine

The paper shows that noncompetitive MOR agonists reduce morphine-induced hyperactivity while enhancing pain relief, and that receptor-level intrinsic efficacy does not directly correlate with locomotor activity.

Low intrinsic efficacy alone cannot explain the improved side effect profiles of new opioid agonists

The paper reanalyzes data from a previous study to show that biased agonism, not low intrinsic efficacy, explains improved side effect profiles of new opioid agonists.