A time-calibrated phylogeny of hummingbirds supports stepwise diversification in the Andes
Rute R. da Fonseca, Gary R. Graves, Siavash Mirarab, Inger E. Winkelmann, Santiago Claramunt, Miguel M. Fonseca, José Alfredo Samaniego Castruita, Fernando Peñaloza, Cai Li, Sara Rocha, Merly Escalona, Lys Sanz Moreta, Anders Albrechtsen, Tandy Warnow, Jon Fjeldså, , Carsten Rahbek
This study reconstructs a time-calibrated hummingbird phylogeny, finding stepwise diversification in the Andes rather than a monophyletic Andean clade.
bioRxiv · Feb 9, 2026 · PreprintEvolutionary Biology