Water Kefir as a Model for Aggregative Development of Microbial Multicellularity within a Multispecies Biofilm
Pia Bethge, Berenike Schmalfuß, Samuel Ropert, Florian Schattenberg, Gorkhmaz Abbaszade, Susann Müller, Thomas Henle, Yael Politi, Thorsten Mascher
This study investigates water kefir grains as a model for microbial multicellularity, revealing an emergent growth function in multispecies biofilms.
bioRxiv · Oct 10, 2026 · PreprintMicrobiology