Title: Optogenetic WNT signaling drives germ layer self-organization in a human gastruloid model
Hunter J. Johnson, David M. McMullin, Joshua A. Zimmermann, Chang N. Kim, Nicole A. Repina, Ritu Bhalerao, Tomasz Jan Nowakowski, David V. Schaffer
The paper uses optogenetic WNT activation in human gastruloids to study germ layer self-organization and finds it drives mesendoderm differentiation and patterning.
bioRxiv · Feb 25, 2026 · PreprintBioengineering