Membrane-gated SNARE zippering focuses energy for fusion
Avinash Kumar, Jie Yang, Lucas Anmolsingh, Anna R. Eitel, Zhiqun Xi, Lanxi Lin, Heidi E. Hamm, Yongli Zhang
This study uses optical tweezers to measure SNARE complex intermediates and energetics during membrane fusion, revealing how membrane forces, lipids, and regulatory proteins control the process.
bioRxiv · Aug 21, 2026 · PreprintCell Biology