Electroconvulsive stimulation drives cortical spreading depression dependent immediate early gene expression in mice
Hugo Ladret, Leonardo Lupori, Lorenzo Sieni, Eduard Stroukov, Takahiro Kanamori, Sarah Ulrich, Else Schneider, Gunnar Deuring, Annette Beatrix Brühl, Georg B. Keller
This study shows that electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS) in mice triggers cortical spreading depression (CSD), which increases Fos expression and is linked to positive ECT outcomes.
bioRxiv · Jul 24, 2026 · PreprintNeuroscience