M. E. Francis

Pre-existing immunity to influenza viruses through infection and/or vaccination leads to viral mutational signatures associated with unique immune responses during a subsequent infection

This study shows that host immune history from infection or vaccination influences viral mutation patterns during subsequent influenza infections, with vaccinated mice showing more mutations than preinfected-vaccinated mice.

Influenza preimmunity increases vaccination efficacy by influencing antibody longevity,neutralization activity, and epitope specificity

This study shows that preimmune hosts have stronger and more effective antibody responses to influenza vaccination, leading to better disease protection compared to naive hosts.