Muscle Loss as a Foundational Step in the Development and Evolution of the Turtle Shell
William Foster, Paul A. Gensbigler, Max Blecher, André Forjaz, Biyi Li, Valentina Matos-Romero, Chulan Kwon, Ashley L. Kiemen, Tyler R. Lyson, Gabriel S. Bever
The paper investigates muscle loss as a key evolutionary step in turtle shell development using multi-modal imaging and histology-based deep learning to analyze turtle embryos.
bioRxiv · Jun 24, 2026 · PreprintEvolutionary Biology