Closed-loop neurofeedback reshapes preparatory brain states to bias subsequent pain processing
Yu Zhang, Shuang Qiu, Qianqian Zheng, Shihao Chen, J W Li, Xiaoyun Li, Richu Jin, Weiwei Peng
This study shows closed-loop neurofeedback can reshape preparatory brain states, reducing pain perception by altering neural dynamics and microstate transitions.
bioRxiv · Jun 5, 2026 · PreprintNeuroscience