The Prevalence of Killer Yeasts in the Gardens of Fungus-Growing Ants and the Discovery of Novel Killer Toxin named Ksino.
Rodolfo Bizarria, Jack W. Creagh, Renato A. Corrêa dos Santos, Lily L. Givens, Sarah A. Coss, Tanner J. Badigian, Adrian V. Chavez, Rim T. Tekle, Noah Fredstrom, Frederick Marty Ytreberg, Maitreya J. Dunham, André Luis Rodrigues, Paul Andrew Rowley
The paper surveys killer yeast prevalence in attine ant fungus gardens, identifies a new killer toxin Ksino, and highlights its antifungal activity and ecological significance.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology · Jan 21, 2026Peer-reviewedMicrobiology