Synthetic BiologybioRxivPreprint
Ice drives the emergence of functional protocells
Tatsuya Shinoda, Kimberly Poppy Sinclair, Natsumi Noda…·Tomoaki Matsuura
This study shows that freeze-thaw cycles can concentrate molecules, form membrane compartments, and activate a transcription-translation system, suggesting a physical pathway for the emergence of functional protocells.
DOI 10.64898/2026.10.13.758973