Barbara Bailey

This study shows that vape aerosol exposure reduces voluntary exercise in mice, with a significant 32% decrease in female running laps compared to controls.

This study shows that nicotine in vape aerosol worsens myocardial infarction outcomes in mice, with no comparable effect from vape alone.

This study shows nicotine in vape aerosol induces p16 expression and collagen deposition in male cardiac tissue but not females, while vape alone increases fibroblasts without collagen changes.