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The paper identifies Meibomian gland stem cell populations and mechanisms of aging using mouse models and finds Hh signaling regulates stem cell proliferation, with decreased Hh and EGF signaling in aged glands.

This study shows primary cilia regulate meibomian gland size and lipid production without affecting lipid composition or overall cell proliferation rates.

This study shows that primary cilia deficiency in neural crest cells causes anterior segment dysgenesis by disrupting hedgehog signaling and key transcription factors.