Single-cell RNA sequencing of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade in pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis highlights a protective transcriptional program mediated by activated Th17 cells, neutrophils and macrophages
Sandra Márcia Muxel, Dennyson Leandro M. Fonseca, Ian Antunes Ferreira Bahia, Patrick da Silva, Leonardo Mandu Gonçalves, Emanuella Sarmento Alho de Sousa, Jonathan Miguel Zanatta, C. A. D. Teixeira, Kathi Terumi Kato, Manoela Osorio R Sales, Carlos Neandro Cordeiro Lima, Bruno Prado Eleuterio, Luciana dos Santos Barros Manhães, Bernardo de Castro Oliveira, Nycolas Willian Preite, , Vera Lúcia Garcia Calich
This study uses single-cell RNA sequencing to show that checkpoint inhibitors like anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 shift the lung immune response in PCM toward a Th17-driven program involving neutrophils and macrophages, enhancing antifungal immunity.
bioRxiv · Jan 23, 2026 · PreprintImmunology