Bjørnar Ytrehus

The paper reports H5N1 and H5N5 HPAI virus infections in red foxes in Norway, showing systemic infection and phylogenetic similarity to avian viruses.

The paper examines serological evidence of H5 avian influenza virus exposure in Arctic foxes in Svalbard, finding high seroprevalence and predominant H5N5 exposure in recent years.

This study tracks the introduction and spread of HPAIVs in the High Arctic, identifying multiple genotypes and suggesting repeated introductions and local viral amplification.

The paper reports the first confirmed case of HPAIV H5N5 in a polar bear and Atlantic walrus in Svalbard, with widespread seroconversion in polar bears following initial bird detections.