EcologybioRxivPreprint
Prey age modifies risk-taking behavior in a multi-predator environment
Brian J. Smith, Tal Avgar, Scott D. Peacor…·Daniel R. MacNulty
The paper examines how prey age affects risk-taking behavior in the presence of multiple predators, finding that older female elk reduce risk-taking toward wolves but not cougars.
DOI 10.64898/2026.07.21.739907