Menstruation is associated with cyclical granulysin peaks in vaginal secretions despite stable expression by cervicovaginal immune cells
Sean M. Hughes, Claire Levy, Dendron R Chamberlain, Dana Varon, Britt Murphy, Katharine V. Schwedhelm, Juma Shafi, Jennifer M. Lund, Martin Prlic, Stephen C. De Rosa, Elizabeth Micks, Christine Johnston, Florian Hladik
The paper shows granulysin levels in vaginal secretions peak during menstruation but not the luteal phase, linked to increased granulysin-expressing cells in the endocervical canal.
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · Aug 1, 2026Peer-reviewedImmunology